| Life cycle data for process plant: Reference data for observations and measurements | ISO/WD 15926-x:200x(E) |
An observation is a set of statements that is produced by an
observing_activity.
The provenance of an observation is recording the relationship with the observing_activity and information about the observing_activity and its performers.
NOTE 1 This part of ISO 15926 does not contain "observation" as a class, because a set of statements can be seen to be a observation if it is produced by an observing_activity.
NOTE 2 An iso15926-2:activity that is intended to create statements from other statements, and that does not involve the iso15926-2:possible_individual that the statements are about, is not an observing_activity.
NOTE 3 An observing_activity does not necessarily produce any statements about the observed iso15926-2:possible_individual, because it can fail.
NOTE 4 Information can recorded about an observing_activity by its properties which include:
observes: |
the iso15926-2:possible_individual that is observed |
observation_performed_by: |
the iso15926-2:possible_individual that performs the observation |
observes_physical_property: |
the physical property (see iso15926-2:indirect_property) that is observed |
gives_result_record: |
the result record that is produced |
gives_result_formula: |
the set of statements (or "formula") that is produced |
gives_physical_quantity_estimate: |
the physical quantity (see iso15926-2:property) that is the estimated value of the physical property (see iso15926-2:indirect_property) |
EXAMPLE 1 Fred Bloggs observes "MyBearing" at 2007-03-15T16:00 and records that it is "hot". The activity can be recorded as follows:
[ a iso15926-x:observing_activity ;
iso15926-x:observation_performed_by :Fred_Bloggs ;
iso15926-x:during [ iso15926-x:has_nominal_value
[ iso15926-x:utc_iso8601 "2007-03-15T16:00" ] ]
]
iso15926-x:observes :MyBearing ;
iso15926-x:gives_result_content
<http://www.example.com/observation/MyBearing_2007-03-15T16:00/result> .
The file
http://www.example.com/observation/MyBearing_2007-03-15T16:00/result
can be the text:
"MyBearing at 2007-03-15T16:00 is hot."
In this example, the class myOnt:Hot is not defined within this part of ISO 15926, but within a user ontology.
EXAMPLE 2 The observing activity described in Example 1 can reference a formula produced by the observation activity directly, without reference to a record, as follows:
[ a iso15926-x:observing_activity ;
iso15926-x:observation_performed_by :Fred_Bloggs ;
iso15926-x:during [ iso15926-x:has_nominal_value
[ iso15926-x:utc_iso8601 "2007-03-15T16:00" ] ]
]
iso15926-x:observes :MyBearing ;
iso15926-x:gives_result_formula
{ [ a iso15926-x:possible_individual_at_instant ]
iso15926-2:temporal_part_of :MyBearing ;
iso15926-x:at_instant [ iso15926-x:utc_iso8601 "2007-03-15T16:00" ]
]
a myOnt:Hot } .
It is also possible to reference the formula by URI as:
[ a iso15926-x:observing_activity ;
iso15926-x:observation_performed_by :Fred_Bloggs ;
iso15926-x:during [ iso15926-x:has_nominal_value
[ iso15926-x:utc_iso8601 "2007-03-15T16:00" ] ]
]
iso15926-x:observes :MyBearing ;
iso15926-x:gives_result_formula
<http://www.example.com/observation/MyBearing_2007-03-15T16:00/formula> .
In Example 1, the property gives_result_record references a file on the Web. Dereferencing the URI for the file obtains the content of the file. In Example 2, the property gives_result_formula references a formula. Dereferencing the URI for the formula obtains a representation of the formula, perhaps as N3.
EXAMPLE 3 Consider the transmitted power function over time for "MyLine", which is shown in Figure 5.
The mean power transmitted by "MyLine" from 2007-03-14T10:00 to 2007-03-14T12:00 is 125 kW as measured by "MyMeasuringDevice". This measurement is recorded as follows
[ a iso15926-x:observing_activity ;
iso15926-x:observation_performed_by :MyMeasuringDevice ;
iso15926-x:during [ topology:end_1_of_edge [ iso15926-x:utc_iso8601 "2007-03-14T10:00" ] ;
topology:end_2_of_edge [ iso15926-x:utc_iso8601 "2007-03-14T12:00" ] ]
]
iso15926-x:observes :MyLine ;
iso15926-x:observes_physical_property
:transmittedPower_in_MyLine_from_2007-03-14T10:00_to_12:00 ;
iso15926-x:gives_result_graph
{ :transmittedPower_in_MyLine_from_2007-03-14T10:00_to_12:00
iso15926-x:function_mean [ a iso15926-4:power ;
iso15926-4:watt [ basics:decimal "0.125E6" ] ] } .
The time_variation_of_property transmittedPower_in_MyLine_from_2007-03-14T10:00_to_12:00 is defined as follows:
:transmittedPower_in_MyLine_from_2007-03-14T10:00_to_12:00
rdfs:subPropertyOf myOnt:transmittedPower ;
rdfs:domain [ iso15926-2:temporalPartOf :MyLine ;
iso15926-x:during
[ topology:end_1_of_edge [ iso15926-x:utc_iso8601 "2007-03-14T10:00" ] ;
topology:end_2_of_edge [ iso15926-x:utc_iso8601 "2007-03-14T12:00" ] ] .
The physical_property (see iso15926-2:indirect_property) myOnt:transmittedPower is defined in the domain ontology "myOnt", as follows:
myOnt:transmittedPower
a owl:FunctionalProperty ;
rdfs:range iso15926-4:power ;
rdfs:domain [ owl:intersectionOf (
iso15926-x:possible_individual_at_instant ;
[ owl:onProperty iso15926-2:temporalPartOf ;
owl:allValuesFrom myOnt:TransmissionLine ]
) .
The domain of transmittedPower is all instances of possible_individual_at_instant that are a temporal part of a transmission line.
An observation_device
has some or all of the following parts:
iso15926-4:detecting_element: This
responds to a physical phenonmenon and produces a
signal that depends upon the presence or the magnitude of the phenomenon.
An observation_device contains at least one iso15926-4:detecting_element.
iso15926-4:transmitter: This
receives a signal from a
iso15926-4:detecting_element and sends a signal with the same information to a remote receiver.
indicator: This
receives a signal and presents the information to a person close by.
An observation_device contains either a iso15926-4:transmitter or an indicator.
information_processor: This
receives input information and creates output information according to an algorithm.
An object is an observing_activity if and only if:
iso15926-2:activity;iso15926-2:possible_individual that participates in the iso15926-2:activity.NOTE 1 An iso15926-2:activity,
such as reading about Roman civilization in a library, can create
information about Roman civilization, but it is not an
observing_activity because the Roman Empire does not participate in it.
NOTE 2 An observing_activity can contain sub-activities that are only indirectly
related to the observation. Such a sub-activity could be the transport of
an observation_device
to a place where a measurement is made, or the conditioning of a sample before a measurement is made.
NOTE 3 OWL specification:
--> <owl:Class rdf:about="&iso15926-x;observing_activity"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-2;activity"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#observing_activity"/> </owl:Class> <!--
An object is a measuring_activity if and only if:
observing_activity;NOTE OWL specification:
--> <owl:Class rdf:about="&iso15926-x;measuring_activity"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observing_activity"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#measuring_activity"/> </owl:Class> <!--
An object is an observes relationship if and only if:
basics:mapping between
observing_activity and
iso15926-2:possible_individual;iso15926-2:possible_individual is obtained by the
observing_activity.NOTE 1 An observes can specify a temporal part of a iso15926-2:possible_individual that contains temporal parts that are not observed, and which can be the whole life of a iso15926-2:possible_individual.
Ambiguity about what is observed can be removed within the information referenced by a gives_result_record or
gives_result_formula.
NOTE 2 OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;observes"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observing_activity"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&iso15926-2;possible_individual"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#observes"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is an observed_by relationship if and only if:
observes.NOTE OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;observed_by"> <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observes"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#observed_by"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is an observation_performed_by relationship if and only if:
basics:mapping between
observing_activity and
iso15926-2:possible_individual;iso15926-2:possible_individual carried out the observing_activity.NOTE 1 An observation_performed_by can specify a temporal part of a iso15926-2:possible_individual that contains temporal parts that do not perform the activity, and which can be the whole life of a iso15926-2:possible_individual.
NOTE 2 A iso15926-2:possible_individual that performs an observing_activity can be a person or a
observation_device.
NOTE 3 OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;observation_performed_by"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observing_activity"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&iso15926-2;possible_individual"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#observation_performed_by"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is an performs_observation relationship if and only if:
observation_performed_by.NOTE OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;performs_observation"> <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observation_performed_by"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#performs_observation"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is an observes_physical_property relationship if and only if:
basics:mapping between
observing_activity and
physical property (see iso15926-2:indirect_property);NOTE 1 An observes_physical_property can specify a generic physical property that has within its domain instances of iso15926-2:possible_individual that are not observed. An observes_physical_property can specify a time_variation_of_property that has only the observed temporal part of a iso15926-2:possible_individual within its domain.
Ambiguity about what is observed can be removed by:
observes property that specifies the observed iso15926-2:possible_individual;gives_result_record or
gives_result_formula.NOTE 2 OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;observes_physical_property"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observing_activity"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&iso15926-2;indirect_property"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#observes_physical_property"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is a gives_result_formula relationship if and only if:
basics:mapping between observing_activity and formula;formula is information obtained by the observing_activity.NOTE OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;gives_result_formula"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observing_activity"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;formula"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#gives_result_formula"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is a result_formula_given_by relationship if and only if:
gives_result_formula.NOTE OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;result_formula_given_by"> <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;gives_result_formula"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#result_formula_given_by"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is a gives_result_content relationship if and only if:
basics:mapping between
observing_activity and
information_content;information_content is obtained by the
observing_activity.The relationship gives_result_content is a specialisation of creates_content.
NOTE OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;gives_result_content"> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;creates_content"/> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observing_activity"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;information_carrier"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#gives_result_content"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is a result_content_given_by relationship if and only if:
gives_result_content.The relationship result_content_given_by is a specialisation of content_created_by.
NOTE OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;result_content_given_by"> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;content_created_by"/> <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;gives_result_content"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#result_content_given_by"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is a gives_result_record relationship if and only if:
basics:mapping between
observing_activity and
information_carrier;information_carrier is information obtained by the
observing_activity.The relationship gives_result_record is a specialisation of creates_record.
NOTE 1 If the information_carrier is a dereferencable Web resource, then identification of the information_content and use of the relationship gives_result_content is recommended, as described in note 2 of
Information content, information carrier and formula on the Web.
NOTE 2 OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;gives_result_record"> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;creates_record"/> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observing_activity"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;information_carrier"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#gives_result_record"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is a result_record_given_by relationship if and only if:
gives_result_record.The relationship result_record_given_by is a specialisation of record_created_by.
NOTE 1 If the information_carrier is a dereferencable Web resource, then identification of the information_content and use of the relationship result_content_given_by is recommended, as described in note 2 of
Information content, information carrier and formula on the Web.
NOTE 2 OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;result_record_given_by"> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;record_created_by"/> <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;gives_result_record"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#result_record_given_by"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is an observation_device if and only if:
iso15926-2:physical_object, but not a person;observing_activity.This class is a generalisation of iso15926-4:detecting_instrument, which is defined as "A process instrument that is intended to measure a physical quantity (IEV, IEC-770-1) and/or to indicate and/or to transmit a signal which represents a measured variable".
NOTE 1 This class includes both "sensor" and "system" as defined by SensorML.
NOTE 2 OWL specification:
--> <owl:Class rdf:about="&iso15926-x;observation_device"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-2;physical_object"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#observation_device"/> </owl:Class> <owl:Class rdf:about="&iso15926-4;detecting_instrument"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observation_device"/> </owl:Class> <!--
An object is a indicator if and only if:
iso15926-2:physical_object;signal and to present the
information_content
to a person close by.The class iso15926-4:indicating_instrument has an
indicator as a part.
NOTE 2 OWL specification:
--> <owl:Class rdf:about="&iso15926-x;indicator"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-2;physical_object"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#indicator"/> </owl:Class> <!--
An object is a information_processor if and only if:
iso15926-2:physical_object;information_carrier and to create the content of an output
information_carrier according to an algorithm.NOTE OWL specification:
<owl:Class rdf:about="&iso15926-x;information_processor"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-2;physical_object"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#information_processor"/> </owl:Class>
An object is an clock if and only if:
observation_device;NOTE OWL specification:
--> <owl:Class rdf:about="&iso15926-x;clock"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observation_device"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#clock"/> </owl:Class> <!--
An object is a investigates relationship if and only if:
basics:mapping between
iso15926-2:activity and
iso15926-2:possible_individual;iso15926-2:activity is intended
to create information_content about the iso15926-2:possible_individual, but may
not actually succeed in doing so.NOTE 1 An iso15926-2:activity
with an investigates relationship can be an observing_activity but need not be. A visit to a library can investigate something, but does not observe anything (except the library and its books).
NOTE 2 An observing_activity
can have an investigates relationship
an observes relationship with
the same iso15926-2:possible_individual.
However, for other classes of activity the observed and the investigated objects can be different.
EXAMPLE The observing_activity "deduce atmosphere composition from ice core sample X_1234" has an
observes
relationship with "ice core X_1234". The
observing_activity has an
investigates relationship with
"earth's atmosphere 10000 years BP".
NOTE 3 OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;investigates"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&iso15926-2;activity"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&iso15926-2;possible_individual"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#investigates"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
An object is a gives_physical_quantity_estimate relationship if and only if:
basics:mapping between
observing_activity and
physical quantity (see iso15926-2:property);iso15926-2:indirect_property) obtained by the
observing_activity.NOTE OWL specification:
--> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&iso15926-x;gives_physical_quantity_estimate"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&iso15926-x;observing_activity"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&iso15926-2;property"/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&iso15926-x-doc;/observing_activity.htm#gives_physical_quantity_estimate"/> </owl:ObjectProperty> <!--
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